ABSTRACT
In current scenario, pollution in environment, is a big problem for all living species at around the world. We know that, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in presence of sunlight and oxides of nitrogen in atmosphere are considered as precursors for ozone production at the layer of Troposphere. Concentration of Benzene and Toluene (BT) in ambient air was measured near three major traffic sites in the city of Aligarh, India. All air samples were collected using for two times (in a month) during eight hours of normal working period time for in October – December 2020, and January - March 2021. The three selected sites used in this study represent traffic sites ( at Etah Chungi Chauraha, Quarsi Chauraha and Sootmil Chauraha, Aligarh ). In this study, real-time measurements of Benzene and Toluene concentration were performed the programmable compound specific PID detector designed to provide instantaneous exposure monitoring of a specific organic gas. It monitors a specific gas by utilizing a gas separation tube and the photo-ionization detector (PID) with a 9.8 eV gas discharge lamp (range- 50 ppb to 200 ppb) and whole data analyzed by SPSS software. The study the higher concentration 25.32 ?g/m3 of Benzene in the evening shows at site 3 and lower concentration 10.22 ?g/m3 of Benzene shows at site 2 in the morning. The higher concentration 22.22 ?g/m3 in the evening of Toluene shows at site 1 and lower concentration 07.10 ?g/m3 in the evening of Toluene shows at site 2, were observed respectively. Benzene and Toluene were widely used as a solvent in different products and petroleum. Exposure to a mixture of toluene and benzene in air led to an increase in the cytotoxic effect and DNA damage without any further repair and also its chronic effect on human health. The higher concentration of benzene and toluene co-exposure of benzene or toluene in this study. The relevance of these data on interactions for humans exposed at low benzene concentrations can be best assessed only when the mechanism of interaction is understood at a quantitative level and incorporated within a biologically based modelling framework for human health.
ABSTRACT
Background: Uric acid is the final product of the purine metabolism in humans. The two final reactions in its production which catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid are catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase. The role of uric acid in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes has been known. Serum uric acid has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. The present study was done to see the level of uric acid in preeclampsia and healthy pregnant controls, to relate serum uric acid results to the severity of hypertension and its relation to fetomaternal outcome in patients attending OPD at RMC Ajmer.Methods: 100 cases of preeclampsia of age group between 20-40 year and gestational age ≥28 weeks and 100 normal healthy women with similar gestational age and age group were included in the study and maternal serum uric acid was estimated in both groups.Results: Mean serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia was 7.65±081 mg/dl and 3.21±072 mg/dl in control group. Perinatal complication was more in case group, 74 % were preterm compared to 11% in control group. Mean birth weight in study group was 2.07 kg, of which 24% babies were VLBW 52% were LBW, and 24% babies had normal birth weight, in control group mean birth weight was 2.82 kg. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the study group, the MSUA concentration is found higher in LBW and VLBW babies compared to normal birth weight babies.Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between SUA & severity of preeclampsia, and a significant adverse fetal outcome is observed with raised MSUA in preeclamptic patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism leads to menstrual irregularities. Females with thyroid gland abnormality have chances of reproductive abnormalities ranging from abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularities, infertility and premature menopause. The objectives were to study the association between thyroid dysfunction and AUB in the reproductive age group (18-45 years), To study the thyroid abnormalities in different types of AUB in the reproductive age group, to establish if screening for thyroid abnormalities is justified using T3, T4 and TSH.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among 250 women with ‘abnormal uterine bleeding’ (AUB). Inclusion criteria for participants were females in the age group of 18-45 years, females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, with thyroid dysfunction, females who do not have signs of demonstrable pelvic pathologyincluding PID.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 24 - 32 years i.e.56.8%, 9.2% cases were nullipara, 44.0% cases have menorrhagia, 32.2% have oliogomennorrhea, 19.6% have amenorrhea. Around 3.6% had Thyromegaly, 12.4% have weight gain in hypothyroidism, 28.4% have fatigue in hyperthyroidism, 6.8% cases have higher T4 level, 18.0% cases have higher TSH level.Conclusions: The risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism (about 5% per year) in patients with subclinical disease and the cost-benefit ratio also emphasises the need for selective screening. Early detection of subclinical disease by selective screening facilitates appropriate therapy early in the course of the disease.